The outermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The cytoplasm of an ovum.

The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the periplasmic side of the membrane.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the external side of the membrane.

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the periplasmic side of the plasma membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an ascospore wall.

OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microwave radiation stimulus.

The plasma membrane that is part of the head section of a sperm cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension combined with low atmospheric pressure. Hypoxia is defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95% and hypobaric is defined as atmospheric pressure below 0.74 atm (greater than 2,500 m above sea level).

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to aversive or demanding psychological and social conditions that tax or exceed the behavioral resources of the organism.

Any tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic that takes place in nucleus.

OBSOLETE. Any protein denaturation that is involved in proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.

Any VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

Any chemoattractant activity that is involved in axon guidance.

Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis I.