The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther are generated and organized.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral organ are generated and organized.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther wall tapetum are generated and organized. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.

A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. It consists of 2 lateral elements and a central element, all running parallel to each other. Transverse filaments connect the lateral elements to the central element.

A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues.

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues.

A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation in meiosis and mitosis.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.

A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.

The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division.

A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.

The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.