Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.

Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.

The process in which calcium salts are deposited into calcareous tooth structures such as dental enamel, dentin and cementum.

The innermost portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome, encompassing the core region of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.

Any subdivision of a chromosome along its length.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the rDNA repeats on a chromosome in the nucleolus.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.

The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.

The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.

The portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome that flanks the core region, encompassing repeated regions of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxymethylsalicylate + NADH + 2 H+.